Unable to connect Android mobile phone to Exchange Server 2013 via ActiveSync

Problem

You’ve completed a new Exchange Server 2013 migration and began testing mobile devices such as Android and iPhone but noticed that while you are able to go through the setup, no mail is synchronized to the smart phone.  Not events are logged in the Application or System logs of the Exchange mailbox and CAS servers. Using the Microsoft Remote Connectivity Analyzer at https://testconnectivity.microsoft.com fails with the following error:

Attempting the FolderSync command on the Exchange ActiveSync session.
  The test of the FolderSync command failed.
   Tell me more about this issue and how to resolve it

  Additional Details

Exchange ActiveSync returned an HTTP 500 response (Internal Server Error).

HTTP Response Headers:
request-id: c257a25d-2589-4c25-8190-491bacfaadb3
X-TargetBEServer: ********.*******.*****

Solution

While there could be other reasons why this error would be thrown, one of the reasons is because the user account you’re trying to set up ActiveSync with does not have inheritance enabled as shown in the following screenshot:

Simply enabling inheritance and the phone should begin synchronizing email.